They master the daily loads exerted under normal switching duty for interrupting ring feeders, disconnecting network transformers and such with very high operating frequencies and a minimum amount of maintenance, at the same time having excellent breaking capacities and functions. Owning these characteristics they are much demanded in Germany and in our country.

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They are produced for indoor and outdoor use. Their quick breaking and making capacities are activated by spring action. The breaking and making speed is depend on the movement of the operator and therefore the breaking speed is approximately 0.1 seconds. During making, first the main contacts, and then the auxiliary quick breaking contacts are activated. During breaking, first the main contacts, and then the quick breaking contact pins which take on the load for a very short time, break the circuit. Special hard metal pieces, which are resistant to high temparatures are added on the tips of the quick breaking contact pins. The arcs that arise between this metal tip and the stationary contact during breaking is extinguished within the arc extinguishing units. The arc extinguishing time is approximately 20-45 miliseconds. At low currents the arc is extinguished by deionising action due to the cooling effect of the walls.

Arc extinction is achieved in the higher current range by the arc extinguishing gases produced in the pressure chamber flowing out of the pressure chamber into the expansion chamber. Due to this rational combination of several extinguishing principles the entire current range of the load-break switch is effectively covered in all cases.

Since neither an arc extinguishing liquid nor compressed air are required, the arcing chambers are maintenance free.

Operation is manual, but if necessary it could be by electromotor command.

Mounting is generally vertical, but if desired, it could be mounted horizontally ( picture 2) or to the ceiling. In this case, a note must be given during ordering so that the adjustments will be made accordingly. Also it must be realized that horizontal mounting decreases the breaking capacity by 20%.

(Picture 1)

Technical Data (TABLE I)

1) These values also apply to earthing switches

To assure greater application fields, there are 3 types to suit all demands :

1)TYPE H 22 EK

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Has one switch spring. It is not switch locked, therefore is not suitable for automatic breaking. Function is manual.

Application:

Where automatic breaking is not necessary, this type can be used for breaking-making under load, load switching and ring circuits with great ease and safety, while being attentive to the values given in table 1.

In such establishments protection from short circuits and default is obtained generally by the main circuit breakers in the switch installations. If, due to the formation of the establishment, protection from short circuits is necessary where the load-break switches are, then fuses can be mounted on top or below the switch.

As an example: If we think of a H22 EK switch in a 36 kV. system where

Ir=630 Amps. Rated breaking current I1(20 breakings)=400 Amps (20,5 MVA)

Load-breaking current I1(200 breakings)= 40 Amps (2000 kVA)

Therefore, according to the choice of the establishment this switch can be used for switching between 20500 kVA and 2000 Kva, safely.

After the number of breakings is reached, it is advisable to change the arc units and contacts.

Under capacitive load, in a capasitor establishment, breaking current is 20 Amps, that is in 36 kV systems it is 1000 KVar.

2)TYPE H 22 EA

Application: Can be used everywhere that the H22 EK (explained in item 1 above) is used, if remote breaking by the use of a magnet or if automatic breaking by the use of a relay is needed.

Example of application in star-distribution systems:

3) TYPE H 22 SEA (picture 4 )

It is the same as type H22 EA (explained in item 2 above) with the addition of fuses from below. The fuses should be the mechanical type, namely H220/ACT or H221/ACT with striker pin. This pin has a striking force of 80-100 Newton. In case of default, when one of its fuses blow, the striker pin activates the mechanism of the switch leading to automatic breaking. As the breaking activity takes place after the blowing of the fuse, while breaking, the switch will be under normal load.

H 22 SEA (Picture 4)

Application: In general, they are used for the protection of transformers. The most effective and economic protection of the transformer from OVERLOAD is from the secondary side (low voltage). Whereas, protection against FAULT currents and SHORT CIRCUITS are obtained by the primary side(high voltage), for which the best equipment are the current limiting fuses. After one of the fuses blow, the H22 SEA load-break switch automatically breaks the circuit in 3 phase, preventing the establishment to act on one or two phases. It is possible to have automatic breaking by the addition of a releasing magnet to the switch, or by the impulse (alert) coming from the Buscholz relay or from the thermometer on the transformer.

lS Melting current ID Cut-off current Ik(t) Prospective short-circuit current (fuse replaced by metallic link) IP Impulse short-circuit current tS Pre-arcing time tL Arcing time

(Picture 5)

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As the automatic breaking of the switch will be active in times of default, it should be understood that it will be only if one of the fuses are blown and thus breaking activity will naturally be under normal load. For this reason, in transformer applications, the fuses short circuit breaking capacities will let us identify the distribution net where the load-break switches with fuses will be used. As an example, in a line where the short circuit load is 800 MVA, the fuses of the load-break switch to be used in front of the distribution transformer should have a breaking capacity of at least 800 MVA. The breaking capacity of the load-break switch which is lower (likely 10 MVA) has nothing to do with the short circuit load of the line, and is only related to the normal load of the circuit it will break.

Only as a very small possibility, if the operator manually brings the switch to the breaking position, it could be that a fault circuit arises which is too small to blow the fuse but still big enough than the power of the switch. Even though this is a very small possibility, it is still possible to prevent the condition with fuses in this way:

The total breaking period of the switch is 100 milliseconds. In case a fuse which can break a circuit equal to the maximum breaking capacity of the switch in 100 milliseconds is used, then, when the switch breaks, it will never be loaded more than its' capacity.

Example:

A load-break switch H22 SEA 30/36 Kv, 630 A.

a)Rated breaking current I1= 400 A (TABLE 1)

b)The fuse which can break this 400 A circuit in 100 milliseconds is

Ir=50 A. (refer to the time-current characteristics in our fuse catalogue)

c)The transformer where a Ir=50A. fuse can be used is a 1250 kVA

(refer to our fuse catalogue)

This means that in 36Kv installations, for transformers up to 1250 Kva, this load-break switch can be used safely.

THREE POLE-LOAD BREAK EARTHING SWITCH H22 EK - H22 EKY QUICK MAKING-QUICK BREAKING (no automatic breaking capability)

(Picture 6)

Click to see entire table.

The following can be acquired upon demand:

• For the 12Kv series, phase intervals of p=155mm
• Greater phase intervals
• Phase interval plates

Manual activation:

• by the use of type T/T activation mechanism
• by the use of type D-Z activation mechanism
• by an isolated switch rod and 320 mm toothed activating lever.

Can be supplied with an auxiliary switch.
The weights given are for switches earthed from above or under.

THREE POLE LOAD-BREAK EARTHING SWITCH H22 EA- H22 EAY QUICK MAKING-QUICK BREAKING (with automatic breaking capability)

(Picture 7)

Click to see entire table.

The following can be acquired upon demand:

• For the 12 Kv series, phase intervals of p=155 mm
• Greater phase intervals
• Phase interval plates

Manual activation:

• by the use of type T/T activation mechanism
• by the use of type D-Z activation mechanism
• by an isolated switch rod and 320 mm toothed activating lever.

If demanded, the H22 EA load-break switch can be supplied with:

1) Auxiliary switch

2) Release coil

• 110 v. or 220 v. alternating current
• 24, 60, 110, or 220 v. direct current

THREE POLE, INDOOR, LOAD-BREAK SWITCH H22 SEA QUICK MAKING- QUICK BREAKING (with automatic breaking capability) with mechanical breaking from below/striker pin fuse

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Upon demand, H22 SEA load-break switches can be equiped with the following:

1. Earthing switch from below or top (with/without quick making with/without mechanical interlocking)
2. Position auxiliary switch
3. Release coil
   
   • 110 v or 220 v alternating current
   • 24, 60, 110 OR 220 v direct current

Manual activation:

• by the use of type T/T activation mechanism
• by the use of type D-Z activation mechanism
• by an isolated switch rod.

(Picture 8)

Click to see entire table.

For the 12 Kv series, phase interval p=155 mm. Can be obtained upon demand.